经济学人：中国出现神秘的年轻富豪群体

作者：经济学人      来源：一天一篇外刊

Early last year, when DeepSeek, a Chinese artificial-intelligence lab, was causing panic among its Western rivals, almost nothing was known about Liang Wenfeng, its founder. Mr Liang remains a mysterious figure, but at least one thing is clear. As DeepSeek closes a funding round valuing it at $71bn, its founder’s personal wealth has soared to roughly $38bn—making him far wealthier than Anthropic’s Dario Amodei or OpenAI’s Sam Altman.

去年年初，国内人工智能企业深度求索（DeepSeek）一度令西方同行倍感恐慌，彼时外界对创始人梁文锋几乎一无所知。至今他依旧行事低调、充满神秘感，但有一点已确凿无疑：随着深度求索完成新一轮融资，企业估值攀升至710亿美元，梁文锋的个人身家也暴涨至约380亿美元，财富规模大幅超越 Anthropic的创始人达里奥・阿莫代与OpenAI 掌门人萨姆・奥特曼。

Mr Liang will not be spotted on the conference circuit. He has never appeared live on Chinese television, and there are few photos or taped footage of his unpolished, wiry figure. That puts him at home among the new generation of young Chinese billionaires. The country is cranking out more of them than anywhere else bar America. According to Hurun, which tracks the riches of the world’s wealthiest people, there were at least 29 self-made billionaires aged 40 or under in China this year. Including Mr Liang, who will turn 41 at some point this year, brings the total to 30. That is nine more than last year.

梁文锋极少现身各类行业峰会。也几乎从未上过电视，网上也几乎找不到能展现出不修边幅、身形清瘦硬朗的照片与影像素材。这般低调行事的特质，也让他同新一代青年亿万富豪群体显得格外合拍。如今，中国涌现青年富豪的规模全球第二，仅逊色于美国。胡润研究院长期追踪全球顶级富豪的财富变动，数据显示，国内今年共有至少29 位白手起家的亿万富翁，年龄均不超过40岁。倘若计入年内即将年满41岁的梁文锋，这一人数便增至 30 位，较去年多出9人。

China’s new tycoons differ from their predecessors in striking ways. They have abandoned real-estate speculation and boozy dinners with officials for video games and meet-ups over Japanese anime. But they are also adept at taking imaginative ideas and scaling them into global businesses faster than any before them.

中国新一代商界巨头，与老一辈企业家有着截然不同的鲜明特质。他们不再投身地产投机，也极少出席各类商务酒局，闲暇之余更偏爱电子游戏，或是参与线下漫展交流活动。他们同样具备突出优势：擅长挖掘新颖独特的创意构想，并且能比过往任何一代从业者更快落地、扩张业务，搭建起布局全球的商业版图。

In the early 2000s industrialists such as Wang Chuanfu of BYD, originally a battery maker, launched a wave of manufacturing firms as China entered the World Trade Organisation. And then in the 2010s the consumer internet produced China’s first generation of tech moguls, including Jack Ma of Alibaba, an e-commerce giant, and Pony Ma of Tencent, maker of WeChat. The founders of ByteDance, creator of TikTok, and Shein, the online fast-fashion firm, who are both now in their early 40s, built their fortunes a few years later.

21 世纪初，中国正式加入世界贸易组织，比亚迪等实业企业迎来发展窗口。比亚迪起家时主营电池业务，以创始人王传福为代表的一众实业家，掀起了国内制造业创业热潮。步入 2010 年代，消费互联网蓬勃发展，催生了国内第一代互联网领军人物：电商龙头阿里巴巴创始人马云、打造微信的腾讯创始人马化腾都位列其中。时隔数年，字节跳动（海外短视频平台 TikTok 母公司）与线上快时尚品牌希音的创始人相继起家，依靠线上业务与全球化布局积累丰厚身家，二人如今均刚过四十岁。

The businesses built by China’s new billionaires are also far more global than in the past. It once took a decade or more for Chinese entrepreneurs to figure out foreign expansion. No longer. Zhang Junjie, the 33-year-old founder of Chagee, a milk-tea shop, launched his firm in 2017 and opened his first overseas shop just two years later. The company is now listed in New York and operating in nine countries.

中国新一代富豪创立的企业，全球化布局程度也远胜从前。 早些年，国内企业家往往要耗费十年乃至更久，才能摸索出海扩张的成熟路径，如今早已今非昔比。 霸王茶姬创始人张俊杰便是典型代表。这位33岁的创业者在2017年创立新式茶饮品牌，仅时隔两年就落地首家海外门店。目前企业已于纽约美股上市，业务版图拓展至九个国家。

China’s new entrepreneurs, by contrast, have adopted a more relaxed style of management. Many are comparatively flexible on working times. Liu Wei, the 39-year-old billionaire co-founder of miHoYo, a gaming firm, has eschewed presenteeism. He has overseen what the company calls its “happy work, steady growth” approach, which prioritises mental health (though one employee also recently died from complications related to overwork, suggesting that cultural norms are hard to shift). DeepSeek’s Mr Liang has reportedly said that the human brain can only concentrate for 6-8 hours a day, and that overwork leads to mistakes.

与之形成对比的是，国内新生代创业者普遍采用更宽松的管理模式，大多实行弹性工时制度。 游戏企业米哈游 39 岁联合创始人刘伟便是代表，他摒弃了唯坐班时长论的管理风气，在公司推行 “快乐工作，稳步成长” 的管理理念，将员工心理健康放在重要位置。（但近期该公司仍出现员工因过劳引发并发症离世的事件，也说明固化的职场风气很难快速扭转。） 据相关消息，深度求索创始人梁文锋曾提出，人脑每日高效专注的时长仅有 6 至 8 小时，长期超负荷工作反而容易滋生失误。

作者：经济学人      来源：一天一篇外刊